Thematic Units
For the first several years of teaching linguistics as an elective, I organized the curriculum the way I was familiar with from introductory linguistics: start with phonology, morphology, and syntax, do some psycholinguistics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics, and wrap up with sociolinguistics.
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Then in 2020, I completely revamped the curriculum; instead of it being organized by topic, I decided to organize it by theme. (I go into more detail about that process in my blog.) I considered the big questions or problems that linguistics can help answer, and I taught the linguistic concepts that students could use to inquire into those questions or problems.
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For each unit below, I've included essential questions, lessons and activities, recommended readings/videos/podcasts, and the linguistic concepts students learn about to access and inquire into those essential questions. I'll explain more about some of the lessons or approaches in my blog as I go. Some of these units are new, so they're under construction.
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You can skip to the units here:
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Descriptivism & Prescriptivism in the Public Sphere
True Biz: Language Development & Linguistic Identity
Speaking "American": The Myth of an American Language
Policing Bodies, Policing Voices: Gender, Language, and the Media
Politics, Fanaticism, and Language
Vocabulary (Etymology and Morphology)
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Unit 1: Descriptivism & Prescriptivism in the Public Sphere
Essential Questions:
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Where do our attitudes and beliefs about language come from?
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How do our attitudes and beliefs about language reflect our perceptions of speakers of different language varieties?
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How are language ideologies perpetuated by institutions like pop culture, social media, and education?
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How is the internet changing the ways we use language?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Readings & media
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Because Internet Ch. 1
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Descriptivism & prescriptivism (from Do You Speak American?)
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"Word Crimes" by Weird Al Yankovic (content warning: ableist slur)
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"What Causes Foreign Accents?" from The Five-Minute Linguist
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"What is the Right Way to Put Words Together?" from The Five-Minute Linguist
Linguistics topics & terms
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Linguistic descriptivism and prescriptivism
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Language ideology
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Properties of human language
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Linguistic knowledge
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The arbitrariness of the sign
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The creative property of language
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Sentences and nonsentences
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The linguistic definition of grammar / mental grammar
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Usage, mechanics
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Types of prescriptivism (Curzan)
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Standardized English
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Academic English
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A brief history of the English language
Unit 2: True Biz: Language Development and Linguistic Identity
Essential Questions:
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What does True Biz illustrate about the connections among language, identity, and culture, especially in the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community?
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How do people develop language? What do signed and spoken languages have in common in terms of grammar and development, and how are they different?
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What is language deprivation (and what is it not)? What effect does language deprivation have on people, individually and culturally?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
This is a new unit! More info coming soon!
Readings & media
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"How Do Babies Learn Their Mother Tongue?" (chapter from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"What Happens When You're Raised Without Language?"(chapter from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"How Deaf Children in Nicaragua Created a New Language" (article)
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Fry's Planet Word episode 1 (signed language & Deaf theatre starts at 42:47)
Linguistics topics & terms
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Grammar
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Universal grammar
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Language development stages
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Language centers in the brain
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Lateralization
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Plasticity
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Expressive and receptive language
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The innateness hypothesis
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The critical period hypothesis
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Syntax
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Morphology
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The Wug Test
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Black ASL
Unit 3: Multilingualism
Essential Questions:
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How do people learn a second language?
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How has our understanding of multilingualism changed over time?
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How does being multilingual impact a person's identity and experience of the world?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
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Spider web discussion on "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" and "Mother Tongue
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Dual Language Program Letter (authentic writing)
Readings & media
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Translanguaging vs. Codeswitching (Youtube)
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Mike Mena's whole YouTube channel is a great resource
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"How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by Gloria Anzaldua (essay)
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"Mother Tongue" from White Space by Jennifer De Leon (essay)
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"Bilingual / Bilingue" by Rhina P. Espaillat (poem)
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"What Does it Mean to Be Bilingual?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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The Educational Linguist (blog by Nelson Flores)
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"Don't Mind the Gap" from The Vocal Fries (podcast)
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"How Good is Machine Translation?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"How Does the Brain Handle Multiple Languages?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"Talking with Mi Gente" by Carmen Fought (article)
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"Mother Tongue" by Amy Tan
Linguistics topics & terms
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Language domains (expressive and receptive)
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Simultaneous and sequential bilingualism
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Compound, coordinate, and subordinate bilingual
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Codeswitching / Translanguaging
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Transfer (positive and negative)​
Unit 4: Speaking "American": The Myth of the American Language
Essential Questions:
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What is the history of language in America?
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How are languages related? How did they evolve?
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How does a history of language reflect systems of power, colonization, and racism?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
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Accents and Dialects in the Media (project)
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Perceptual Dialectology Assignment
Readings & media
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"How Many Native American Languages are There?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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We Still Live Here (As Nutayunean) (documentary)
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"Are American Dialects Dying?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"Is British English the Best English?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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"What is the Connection between Language and Society?" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
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Do You Speak American? Standard American English (documentary)
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Do You Speak American? The Northern Cities Vowel Shift (documentary)
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Do You Speak American? Perceptual Dialectology & Dennis Preston's Map Experiment (documentary)
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Detailed map of American regional dialects (website)
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The Story of English: The influence of African languages on the Southern accent
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Accents: Where and Why (TED Talk)
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Crash Course Linguistics: Language Change & Historical Linguistics
Linguistics topics & terms
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The English-only movement in America
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Comparative & historical linguistics
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Language families
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Proto-Indo-European
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Language change
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Grimm's Law
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Indigenous languages
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Language extinction / dormancy
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Speech community
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Register
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Style / register shift
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Isogloss
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Pidgin
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Creole
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Regionalism
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Language variety, Accent, Dialect
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Language Ideology
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Prestige dialect / language
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Linguistic security & insecurity
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Jargon, Slang
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Standardized American English
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the Northern Cities Vowel Shift,
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language and social class
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Labov's department store experiment
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linguistic disruptors
Unit 5: Black Language on Trial
Essential Questions:
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What is Black Language, and how did it develop in the US?
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What grammatical, lexigraphical, and phonological features make it a distinct language / dialect?
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How does linguistic profiling reproduce racist power structures?
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How do marginalized voices contribute to mainstream / popular culture, and what issues arise when those voices are appropriated?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Readings & media
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Talking Black in America (documentary)
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"Three Ways to Speak English" by Jamila Lysicott (poem)
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"We Real Cool" by Gwendolyn Brooks (poem)
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The Story of English: Gullah-Geechee
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"The Cost of Code-Switching" (TED Talk)
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Black Language and Court Reporting (article)
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"What is African American English" (from The Five-Minute Linguist)
Linguistics topics & terms
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Black Language & terminology (AAVE, AAE, etc.)
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grammar; syntax​
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habitual be
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copula drop
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-g dropping; -s deletion
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history of Black Language
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Creoles
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the Great Migration
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linguistic appropriation
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the Oakland Ebonics controversy
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the Ann Arbor decision
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John Baugh's housing experiment
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code-switching / translanguaging
Unit 6: Policing Bodies, Policing Voices: Gender, Language, and the Media (under construction)
Essential Questions:
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How are gender and language discussed in the media?
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How has the study of language and gender evolved
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How do advertisers use gendered language and images to manipulate consumers’ buying habits?
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How is the English language gendered?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Linguistics topics & terms
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Genderlect
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hedging
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uptalk (high-rising terminal)
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vocal fry (creaky voice)
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linguistic disruptors
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Polari, argot
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conversation styles
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interruption
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politeness
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positive and negative face
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positive and negative politeness
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face-threatening act
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turn-taking​
Unit 7: Marketing and Manipulation (under construction)
Essential Questions:
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How do marketers and advertisers use language and images to influence the way we think?
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How do creators manipulate perspective to appeal to specific audiences?
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How do social media companies use algorithms to manipulate attention?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Readings & media
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Sold on Language (book)
Linguistics topics & terms
Unit 8: Politics, Fanaticism, and Language (incomplete)
Essential Questions:
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How do politicians, activists, and the media manipulate language and images to persuade?
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What is the origin, evolution, and the meaning of the term “cancel culture” and does it matter?
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Can media and audiences ever truly be “unbiased?” Is bias bad?
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How do “fringe” or “cult-like” groups attract, keep, and manipulate people?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Readings & media
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Cultish by Amanda Montell (book)
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Speech Acts (animated video)
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Grice's Maxims (video)
Linguistics topics & terms
Semantics, pragmatics, linguistic determinism, linguistic relativism, semantic field, framing, collocation, pejoration, connotation, metaphor, euphemism, definiteness, deixis, the Cooperative Principle, Grice's maxims, maxim clash, violating / flouting a maxim, presupposition, implicature, dogwhistle, semantic prosody, speech acts (including locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary), direct & indirect speech acts, felicity conditions, plausible deniability, polysemy
Ongoing Unit: Vocabulary
Essential Questions:
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How do new words come into a language, and how do lexicons evolve?
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How can we break an unknown word up into its component parts to make an educated guess about its meaning?
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How can we use etymology and linguistic innovation in our writing to choose words that are clear, expressive, and compelling?
Lessons, Activities, Assessments
Readings & media
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"Go Ahead! Make Up New Words!" (TED Talk)
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"How Did English Evolve?" (TED Ed animation)
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The Gutenberg Press (Storybots animation)
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"What Would Shakespeare's English Have Sounded Like?" (video featuring David and Ben Crystal at the Globe Theatre)
Linguistics topics & terms
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Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, Modern English
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How words change (broaden, narrow, ameliorate, pejorate, bleach, metonymy)
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Morphology
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Morpheme
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Lexicon
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Content words & function words
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Inflection
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Free & bound morphemes
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Bound roots
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Borrowed words
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Colonization
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How morphemes make new words (derivation, back formation, compounding, blending)
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Rebracketing
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Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes
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Reduplication
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The Wug Test